End-to-End M2M, Third Edition
January 2010
Author: Stephen Dye and Sanjay Chatterjee
Single-user License: $695.00 USD, Company-wide License: $1,995.00 USD, Team License (Up to 5 Users): $965.00 USD
Keywords: M2M, Machine to Machine, Machine to Machine Communications, M2M Communications, Embedded Systems, RFID, Automatic Discovery, SCADA, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, Telemetry, Telematics, M2M Case Studies
Overview
Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications is an emerging technology and industry sub-segment poised to change the way that business is conducted, impacting everything from traditional telephony and IT operations to ERP, SCM, public safety, homeland security, and more. Written by Stephen Dye, an industry expert who has actually designed, implemented and operated M2M applications, End-to-End M2M provides invaluable information for anyone seeking to better understand the technology, applications, business and regulatory issues. End-to-End M2M distinguishes itself from other publications on this topic by providing the reader with an understanding of what is M2M, what are the technologies involved in M2M, reasons to use M2M, what are the key M2M applications, the challenges in deploying M2M, and more.
The Third Edition of End-to-End M2M builds upon version two (published in November 2008) and has been expanded to cover the following address topics:
New in the Third Edition
Embedded Systems
- Real-Time Embedded Systems
- Networked Embedded Systems
- Power Aware Computing
- Security in Embedded Systems
- System-on-Chip Design
- Testing of Embedded Core-Based Integrated Circuits
- Embedded Applications
- Automotive Networks
- Industrial Automation
M2M Sensor Specifications
RFID and Automatic Identification Systems
Embedded Systems, Applications and Business Cases
Six (6) New M2M Case Studies
Target Audience:
- Those involved in the M2M industry will find the business modeling, case studies, and expert analysis to be an extremely valuable as tool in considering business expansion, M2M applications, and new projects
- Those new to the M2M industry will find this entire publication an invaluable resource and significant opportunity for cost savings versus the effort and pain of simply learning by trial and error
- This is a must-have resource for anyone engaged in business or technology planning and engineering involving M2M
- Investors, analysts, and consultants in the M2M industry will find that this report provides all they need to know about M2M
- Industry segments that will benefit most from this report are suppliers and service providers of wireless (including cellular and unlicensed spectrum), telemetry and telematics, enterprise users and beneficiaries of improved business process communications in areas such as SCM and ERP, and government, public safety, and homeland security personnel
Table of Contents:
M2M 101: Definition and History. 13
M2M Building Blocks. 14
M2M Evolution. 15
The major components of M2M... 16
Wireless M2M Devices. 17
Wireless Transport of M2M Data to and from the Monitoring Facility. 17
The Back-end Operations and Support Infrastructure. 18
M2M Solution Building Blocks: a More In-Depth View.. 19
The Machine The Customer Intends To Monitor And Control 19
The In-Field Hardware Device Created By The Hardware Vendor 19
Wireless Network. 19
The Back-End Server 20
The Internet 20
The Customer Facility For Monitoring And Controlling The Machines. 20
Part Two: M2M Technology. 21
The Field-Deployed Hardware And Firmware Technology. 21
Analog to Digital Converter, Digital to Analog Converter (ADC / DAC) 22
Memory. 23
Input / Output (I/O) 23
Power Module. 23
Processor and Clock. 23
Wireless Service Technology and Protocols. 25
GSM- (Global System Mobile) 25
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) 26
iDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network) 26
Analog or AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) 26
The Technologies. 28
GPRS (General Purpose Radio Service) 29
1xRTT or CDMA2000. 29
iDEN Packet 29
High-Level Features Of 3G Wireless. 29
Immediacy. 29
Packet Switched- Internet Protocol (IP) Compatibility. 30
Spectrum Efficiency. 30
CPDP (Cellular Packet Data Protocol) 30
Control Channel - SMS, Analog Control Channel. 30
SMS-The Short Message Service. 30
The Advantages of SMS. 31
Analog Control Channel 33
Circuit-Switched Data (CSD) 33
Wireless Technology Recommendation for M2M... 34
GSM-SMS and GPRS. 34
CDMA0inRTT. 34
Embedded Systems. 35
Real-Time Embedded Systems. 38
Networked Embedded Systems. 39
Power Aware Computing. 41
Security in Embedded Systems. 42
System-on-Chip Design. 42
Testing of Embedded Core-Based Integrated Circuits. 44
Embedded Applications. 45
Automotive Networks. 45
Industrial Automation. 46
Intelligent Sensors. 46
Technology Strategy. 48
Hardware Budget 48
Scope of Deployment-Domestic or International 48
Ease of Creating The Application. 48
Wireless Service Options. 48
Wireless Access Costs. 49
Further Technology Considerations. 49
IP Addresses: Static, Dynamic and Persistent 49
Back-end Server Technology. 50
Gateway to Wireless Carrier or Service Provider. 51
3G-GPRS, 1xRTT iDEN Packet 51
Delivery of SMS to the Internet 51
Server That Processes Inbound And Outbound M2M Messages. 53
Adds A Layer Of Security. 53
Provides Billing Services. 53
Enables Customer Care. 53
Logs and Manages Traffic. 54
Interprets inbound and outbound M2M messages. 54
PART - Two -B- RFID.. 55
Automatic Identification Systems. 56
Barcode systems. 56
Optical character recognition. 56
Biometric procedures. 57
Fingerprinting procedures (dactyloscopy) 57
Smart cards. 58
Memory cards. 58
Microprocessor cards. 58
RFID systems. 59
Components of an RFID System.. 61
Types of RFID Systems. 61
Types of Tags. 61
Passive Tags. 62
Semi Passive RFID Tags. 62
Active RFID Tags. 62
Active Tags with Sensors/GPS. 62
Difference between Active and Passive RFID.. 63
Application Field. 63
Comparison between RFID and the different available tracking techniques. 65
Part 3: M2M Business Dynamics. 66
Why M2M is taking place-what happened. 66
Differences Between Telemetry/SCADA And M2M Systems. 66
M2M Opportunities: Services Companies Can Offer. 67
Hardware Services. 68
Wireless Devices. 68
Custom Interfaces. 69
Standards Approval 69
Manufacturing. 69
Support 69
Wireless Services. 70
Software and Back-End Services. 72
Revenue Models. 73
Recurring Revenue Flow.. 77
Business and Technology Strategies. 79
Choosing a Wireless Service Provider. 79
SIM Cards. 79
Activations. 79
Cost per SMS / Data Block. 80
SMS / Data Retry Scheme. 80
SMS Delivery Receipt 80
Store and Forward. 81
Roaming. 81
SLAs. 81
SMS with GPRS and 3G.. 81
Billing Services. 81
Assessing A Wireless Services Provider's Capability. 82
Wireless Service Level Agreement: Key Criteria. 84
Return on Investment (ROI) 87
Reducing Costs By Replacing Existing Processes And Procedures. 87
Increasing Efficiency Of An Operation. 87
Using M2M To Remain Competitive. 87
Billing Business and System Considerations. 88
Wireless Carrier 88
Wireless Aggregator and VAR.. 89
Wireless Services Reseller 89
Itemized Billing. 89
Recommended Billing Service Features. 90
Accept Raw Input Data From Wireless Carrier For Any Data Technology. 91
Create Single/ Multiple Invoices Based On User-Defined Rates. 91
Add And Modify New And Existing Rate Plans. 91
Add And Modify New And Existing Revenue Sharing Schemes. 91
Create User-Defined Statistical Information Requests. 92
Calculate Overages And Carry Over Amounts Of Data. 92
Invoice For Local Taxes, FCC And Other Federal / State Fees. 92
Indicate Roaming Instances And Invoice As Appropriate. 93
Part Four: M2M Politics, Privacy and Regulatory. 94
M2M Regulatory issues. 94
Approvals. 94
GSM Conformance Testing. 95
PCS Type Certification Review Board (PTCRB) 95
M2M And Telematics: Political And Privacy Issues. 96
M2M: Asset Tracking Using RFID Tags In Retail Stores. 96
Telematics: Vehicle Tracking And Navigational Assistance. 97
Part 5: M2M Applications and Case Studies. 99
M2M Applications. 99
Utility Company Applications. 99
AMR Business Dynamics. 100
AMR Benefits. 100
General Measurement And Detection Applications. 101
Heating Venting, Air Conditioning (HVAC) 101
Alarm, Presence and Intrusion Detection. 102
Environment 102
Vending and Copier Machine Monitoring. 102
Vending Machine Business Dynamics. 102
Office Copiers. 103
Radio Masts and Towers. 104
Railroad Level Crossing. 104
Parking and Traffic Control 104
Asset and Inventory Tracking / Management 105
Vehicle and Fleet Management 105
Homeland Security. 106
Medical and Healthcare. 107
Part 5a: M2M The Next Level. 108
Importance of M2M... 108
M2M Employer Value Chain Analysis. 109
M2M Needs From Employers Perspective. 109
Part 5b: M2M Technological Advances. 115
M2M Sensors. 115
M2M Sensors: challenges. 116
M2M Sensor Requirement 118
M2M Sensor Networks. 119
M2M Sensor Specifications. 120
Latest Developments in Home Networking. 121
Home Security using Sensor Networks. 122
Home Entertainment Systems. 123
Concepts. 124
Existing Standards. 124
Limitations. 125
Evaluations. 125
Comparison. 128
Part 5c: M2M Communication Protocols. 129
M2M Standards for RFID.. 132
M2M Case Studies. 138
Hypothetical Case Study. 138
Integrating an M2M solution to a Field Service Repair Company. 138
Enterprise Profile (FBS, Inc.) 138
Areas Of Inefficiency For FBS. 139
Recommended Wireless IM (M2M) Solution Components. 139
Post M2M Integration Work Flow.. 139
Wireless Instant Messaging Solution Costs. 142
Gross Profit Analysis. 143
Return on Investment Analysis. 143
Case Study on Jasper Wireless: M2M Services and Application. 146
About the company. 146
Global SIM... 146
Service Management Tool: Jasper Control Center 147
Professional Design and Certification. 147
Customers. 148
Latest Developments. 148
Case Study: Amersam Car Park Management 150
Application Requirements. 150
Amersam: The Car Park Management Company. 150
Individual Monitoring of Every Parking Space. 151
Monitoring and Control of Other Facility Systems. 152
Author's Note. 153
Case Study: BioLab. 154
The Challenge. 154
The Solution. 154
The Results. 155
Author's Note. 156
Case Study: Brookstone Equipment Co. 156
The Challenge. 156
The Solution. 157
Author's Note. 159
Case Study: ADT - Monitoring Parolees. 160
The Challenge. 160
The Solution. 160
Some Key Benefits Of This Solution. 161
Author's Note. 161
Case Study: Mobile Cardiac Telemetry. 162
CardioNet 162
The Challenge. 162
The Solution. 163
Author's Note. 163
Case Study Kansas City Power & Light 164
The Challenge. 164
The Solution. 164
FleetBoss Telematics Case Studies. 167
B&A Distributing, Inc., Beverage Distribution. 167
The Challenge. 167
The Solution. 167
Benefits. 167
Maverick Materials-Building Materials Supply. 167
Challenge. 167
The Solution. 167
Benefits. 167
Bayer AG-Inventory Management - ATplan Case Study. 168
The Challenge. 168
The Solution. 169
Benefits. 170
American Red Cross Case Study - Numerex. 171
The Challenge. 171
The Solution. 171
Benefits. 172
Ballarat Health Services - Opto 22 - Australia - Case Study. 173
The Challenge. 173
The Solution. 174
Benefits. 175
AIRS - Advanced Incident Response System - Cisco Case Study. 176
The Challenge. 176
The Solution. 176
Benefits. 177
Tridum - ABB Zurich - Case Study. 178
The Challenge. 178
The Solution. 178
Benefits. 179
Cole Plumbing. 180
Challenge. 180
The Solution. 180
Benefits. 180
Springer Equipment Forklift Sales, Parts, Service, Rentals, Leasing. 180
Challenge. 180
The Solution. 180
Benefits. 180
Provider Profiles. 180
AIRDESK.. 180
Airalliance™ Partner Network. 181
Activation. 182
Technology. 182
Professional Services & Support 182
FleetBoss. 183
Software, Firmware, Hardware Development 183
nPhase. 184
Wireless Gateway Services. 184
M2M Developer Program.. 184
Direct, Wireless Service Providers. 184
Telemetrix. 184
Case Study on U.S. Naval Air Systems Command. 185
Location - Naval Air Systems Command, U.S. 185
Project - A Distributed, Intelligent Network of Unmanned Systems. 185
Company - Augusta Systems, Inc. 185
The Challenge. 185
The Solution. 185
Benefits. 186
Case Study on United States Navy. 187
Location - U.S. Navy Regional Supply Office in Norfolk, Va. 187
Project - Aviation Spare Parts Tracking. 187
Company - Intermec RFID.. 187
The Challenge. 187
The Solution. 187
Benefits. 188
Case Study on St. Olavs Hospital, Norway. 189
Location - St. Olavs Hospital in Trondheim, Norway. 189
Project - Using RFID for Garments and Laundry. 189
Company - Texi AS. 189
The Challenge. 189
The Solution. 189
Benefits. 191
Case Study on Heinz. 192
Location - Heinz, U.S. 192
Project - Inventory Tracking. 192
Company - IBM... 192
The Challenge. 192
The Solution. 192
Benefits. 193
Case Study on U.S. Army: Land Warrior. 194
Location - U.S. 4th Stryker Brigade Combat Team, Fort Lewis. 194
Project - Codename Land Warrior. 194
Company - N.A. (U.S. Defence Research and Development) 194
The Challenge. 194
The Solution. 194
Benefits. 195
Case Study on Automated Meter Reading System (China Gas) 196
Location - China, Asia. 196
Project - Automated Meter Reading System.. 196
Company - Wavenis Technology, Coronis and HowDeep Technology. 196
The Challenge. 196
The Solution. 196
Benefits. 197
Case Study on GPS based Fleet and Asset Tracking. 198
Location - Toronto, Canada and Johannesburg. 198
Project - GPS based Tracking. 198
Company - Geotab. 198
The Challenge. 198
The Solution. 198
Benefits. 199
Part Six: M2M Requirement, Roles and Market Analysis. 200
Part Six- a - Future Applications and Prototypes. 205
Prototypes. 209
Asset and warehouse management 210
Automotive. 211
Building monitoring and control 211
Environmental monitoring. 211
Health care. 212
Military battlefield awareness. 212
Security and surveillance. 213
Future Research. 213
Secure systems. 213
Embedded Operating Systems. 214
Groups Management 214
Lightweight Signal Processing. 214
High-Data-Rate Sensors. 215
Applications. 216
Asset and warehouse management 217
Automotive. 217
Building monitoring and control 218
Environmental monitoring. 218
Health care. 218
Military battlefield awareness. 219
Security and surveillance. 219
Secure systems. 220
Embedded Operating Systems. 220
Groups Management 221
Lightweight Signal Processing. 221
High-Data-Rate Sensors. 221